Chapter 9 : Causes , Prevention , and Mitigation Workgroup Report
نویسندگان
چکیده
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are estimated to have evolved 3.5 billion years ago, at which time they began to add oxygen to the existing anaerobic atmosphere, actually changing the chemistry of the planet and allowing new life forms to evolve. These ubiquitous microbes are capable of tolerating desiccation, hypersalinity, hyperthermal conditions, and high ultraviolet radiation, often for extensive periods of time. Recently, cyanobacteria have responded to human alterations of aquatic environments, most notably nutrient-enhanced primary production, or eutrophication. In fact, cyanobacterial blooms are now viewed as widespread indicators of freshwater, brackish and marine eutrophication. Due to the complex interactions between physical and ecological processes, it is difficult to point to any single, definitive cause for the development and proliferation of these blooms. In reality, cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) likely result from a combination of factors, including hydrology, available nutrients, sunlight, temperature, and ecosystem disturbance; any number of which must interact in precisely the right combination to create optimal conditions for growth. Thus, it should come as no surprise that successful prevention (inhibiting bloom formation
منابع مشابه
Mitigation and traceback countermeasures for DDoS attacks
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv CHAPTER 1. DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 The Increasing Threat of DoS Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Roots of the DoS Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Classification of DoS Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
متن کاملDesign of a continuous quality improvement program to prevent falls among community-dwelling older adults in an integrated healthcare system
BACKGROUND Implementing quality improvement programs that require behavior change on the part of health care professionals and patients has proven difficult in routine care. Significant randomized trial evidence supports creating fall prevention programs for community-dwelling older adults, but adoption in routine care has been limited. Nationally-collected data indicated that our local facilit...
متن کاملCDC Periodontal Disease Surveillance Project: Background, Objectives, and Progress Report.
This supplement contains papers presented at the 2006 International Association of Dental Research (IADR) symposium entitled "Development of Self-Reported Measures for Population-Based Surveillance of Periodontitis." These papers highlight activities of an independent periodontal disease surveillance workgroup convened by the Division of Oral Health (DOH), Centers for Disease Control and Preven...
متن کاملLetter to the Editor: Application of Haddon Matrix in Disaster Management: A New Window in Disaster Mitigation Risk
In recent years, disaster management has been the focus of attention since disasters have been associated with huge destructions and consequences. Basically, disaster management techniques aim at the prevention and mitigation works as well as promotion of resilience. Haddon’s matrix was proposed as a conceptual model to understand the event and provide preventive measures in the field of injur...
متن کامل